天美传媒

Abstract

In an era of global communication and cultural exchange, proficiency in second and foreign languages holds significant value. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has emerged as a potential method for enhancing language learning processes in healthy adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of various tES techniques in facilitating the acquisition of second and foreign languages among individuals without cognitive impairments. A thorough search of electronic databases yielded [insert number] relevant studies meeting predetermined criteria. Meta-analysis of the pooled data revealed a significant overall effect of tES on language learning enhancement, with moderate to large effect sizes observed across studies. Subgroup analyses examined the impact of tES parameters on treatment outcomes, while sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of the findings. The review discusses the potential mechanisms underlying tES-induced improvements in language learning, including modulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. Methodological limitations and future research directions are also discussed. Overall, this review provides evidence supporting the efficacy of tES techniques as adjunct interventions for promoting second and foreign language acquisition in healthy adults. Further research is warranted to optimize stimulation protocols and elucidate the long-term effects of tES on language proficiency and retention.