LGBTQ+ athletes: why more sportspeople than ever are coming聽out
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Sport, up until very recently, was considered a for LGBTQ+ athletes. The treatment of some of sport鈥檚 first openly LGBTQ+ athletes, such as tennis player and footballer , shows this.
But this year has seen a significant flurry of events that suggest sport is becoming much more inclusive. In June 2021, for example, came out publicly as the first 鈥渙ut鈥� gay male in the NFL. Then, came out publicly as the first out gay elite male cyclist in Britain. As with other gay male athletes before them in , both have been met with public support.
The recent (delayed) Tokyo 2020 Olympics also had the largest number of out LGBTQ+ athletes ever 鈥� 鈥� while the Paralympics . The 2020 Olympics was in that multiple openly transgender or non-binary athletes . This is why these games have been dubbed the 鈥淩ainbow Olympics鈥� and have been seen as a 鈥溾��.
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Support has also been forthcoming from heterosexual allies. In Formula One, Sebastian Vettel joined in voicing his support for LGBTQ+ rights ahead of the 2021 Hungarian Grand Prix and wore a rainbow 鈥淪ame Love鈥� T-shirt during the national anthem.
While in the recent men鈥檚 2020 European Football Championships, which was also delayed due to COVID, some of the world鈥檚 best players, such as Harry Kane and Manuel Neuer, wore rainbow-coloured in support of LGBT+ communities, all of which helps create space for to feel safe enough to come out.
These events are particularly significant as they occur in sports not traditionally associated with LGBTQ+ athletes or inclusion. Formula One and football are hyper-masculine sports, often considered to have macho and homophobic cultures. Indeed, despite equality, diversity and inclusion organisations warning that sport remains a hostile environment for , there is now significant evidence to suggest that this is quickly changing.
Sport鈥檚 evolution
For some time now, has shown that a range of sports are becoming far more inclusive and . And this is likely reflecting a wider shift in societal attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people and diversity.
While shows that the acceptance of homosexuality in society often remains divided by country, region and economic development, overall there has been increasing acceptance in most countries.
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, for example, consistently shows high levels of acceptance of homosexuality - with only 16% of those surveyed in 2018 believing same-sex relationships were either . While in Japan, the 2020 Olympic host nation, recent polling data found that almost 80% of people 60 and under now .
Perhaps the clearest example of changing social and legal rights for sexual minorities is the increasing number of countries legalising same-sex marriage 鈥� albeit not in Japan, despite increasing . Most recently, this includes Switzerland, whose referendum on September 26 showed of 鈥淢arriage for all鈥�.
The politicisation of sport
Although it鈥檚 often argued by right-wing commentators that 鈥溾��, sport is always political 鈥� and this is something that seems to be . International sporting events often see nations compete against each other 鈥� so politics will always be involved. And it seems unlikely that calls for de-politicising sport will be met.
A small in the US, from 2011, suggests that previously some athletes did not like to engage with activism as it was thought it could 鈥渃ost the athlete endorsement monies鈥�. It has also been argued that athletes have too much to lose by . But with the shifting political climate and the increasing politicisation of sport, this seems to be changing 鈥� particularly regarding LGBTQ+ issues in sport. There鈥檚 been a rise, for example, in the number of LGBTQ+ athletes from large corporations.
This shift is important because most sports have a large LGBTQ+ fan base. During the recent Olympic Games, for example, , a website dedicated to LGBTQ+ involvement in sport, declared that its traffic increased dramatically.
With the continued progress towards a more inclusive society and increasing levels of acceptance of LGBTQ+ athletes, we鈥檒l likely see many more sportspeople coming out over the next few years.
And, given the increasingly inclusive society in which elite sport is now played, it may even be that the Paris 2024 Olympics will supersede the 鈥淩ainbow Olympics鈥� of Tokyo 2020.
, Lecturer in Health Sociology, ; , Professor of Masculinities, Sexualities and Sport, ; , Deputy Head Of Department in Department of Sport & Event Management, , and , Course Leader, School of Sport, Health and Social Sciences,
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