天美传媒

Description

Diabetic retinopathy, sometimes called diabetic eye disease (DED), is a medical disorder in which diabetes mellitus damages the retina. In developing countries, it is the leading cause of blindness. Diabetic retinopathy affects up to 80% of people with diabetes who have had it for more than 20 years. With proper care and eye monitoring, at least 90% of new cases could be prevented. Diabetic retinopathy is more likely to occur in people who have had diabetes for a long time. There are also no early warning signs of diabetic retinopathy. And macular edoema, which can cause rapid central vision loss, can go unnoticed for a long time. However, a person with macular edoema would most likely have blurred vision, making it difficult to read or drive. The vision can improve or deteriorate during the day in some cases. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is the first step, which has no symptoms. Patients with 20/20 vision cannot see the signals. Fundus inspection with a direct or indirect ophthalmoscope by a qualified ophthalmologist is the best way to identify NPDR. Fundus photography can be used for objective recording of fundus observations, in which microaneurysms can be seen. Fluorescein angiography will clearly display narrowing or blocked retinal blood vessels if vision is impaired. When fluid and protein deposits accumulate on or under the macula of the eye, it thickens and swells, causing macular edoema. It is completely associated with diabetes. Diabetes type 2 that is uncontrolled or chronic can damage peripheral blood vessels, including those in the retina, causing fluid, blood, and sometimes fats to leak into the retina, causing it to swell. Macular edoema may be caused by age-related macular degeneration. As people get older, their macula can deteriorate naturally, resulting in the formation of drusen under the retina and the formation of irregular blood vessels. As part of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), irregular new blood vessels (neovascularisation) develop at the back of the eye; these can burst and bleed (vitreous haemorrhage) and blur vision because these new blood vessels are fragile. It's possible that the bleeding won't be serious the first time it happens. Extreme no proliferative diabetic retinopathy progresses to a stage called proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), in which blood vessels proliferate and develop. Due to a lack of oxygen in the retina, new delicate blood vessels expand along the retina as well as in the transparent, gel-like vitreous humour that fills the inside of the eye. These new blood vessels will bleed and cause cloudy vision, as well as damage the retina, if not treated promptly. Tractional retinal detachment may also be caused by fibrovascular proliferation. Neovascular glaucoma is caused by new blood vessels growing into the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye. Cotton wool stains, microvascular defects, and superficial retinal hemorrhages are all symptoms of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Even so, advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) can go unnoticed for a long time and should be closely monitored with regular eye exams.