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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be a specialized technique wont to study and treat problems of the liver, pancreas and, once in a while, the gallbladder. ERCP is performed under sedation. Generally, the extent of sedation for ERCP is deeper than upper endoscopy and colonoscopy thanks to the complexity and length of the procedure.beige adipocytes is therefore an attractive alternative therapeutic target.

To reach the tiny passageways, referred to as ducts, that connect these organs, an endoscope is skilled the mouth, beyond the stomach and into the tiny intestine (duodenum). The ducts from the liver and pancreas drain into the duodenum via alittle opening referred to as the papilla. a skinny tube (catheter) is then inserted through the endoscope into the papilla, thereby gaining access to the common bile duct and duct that connect the liver and pancreas to the intestine. A contrast medium (dye) is injected through the catheter and flows into the liver and pancreas, outlining those ducts as X-rays are taken. The X-rays can show narrowing or blockages within the ducts which will flow from to a cancer, gallstones or other abnormalities. During the test, a little brush or biopsy forceps are often put through the endoscope to get rid of cells for study under a microscope. Additionally, small cylindrical tubes (stents) are often placed within the common bile duct and/or duct to treat obstructions from either benign or malignant diseases.

ERCP are often wont to diagnose biliary colic, jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, cholangitis (inflammation of a bile duct), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), and bile-duct (biliary) obstruction thanks to gallstones (choledocholithiasis) and cancer. ERCP are often wont to treat gallstones, malignant and benign biliary strictures, cholangitis, carcinoma and pancreatitis. Traditionally, ERCP was used as both a diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic tool for evaluating diseases of the bile ducts, pancreas and gallbladder. With improved resonance Imaging (MRI) and therefore the emergence of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), ERCP is now primarily a therapeutic instrument for treating conditions of the bile ducts and pancreas.

Cholangioscopy or pancreatoscopy are adjunctive procedures performed during ERCP for selected indications, during which miniature endoscopes are skilled the traditional endoscope, to enable direct visualization of the inner lining of the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts respectively. These procedures permit the endoscopist to get tissue specimens directly from the inner lining of the ducts and also are wont to treat stones that are difficult to get rid of using conventionaltechniques.