天美传媒

Abstract

Bladder cancer management requires a thorough understanding of both diagnostic procedures and treatment strategies. Accurate diagnosis is achieved through a combination of medical history, physical examinations, urinalysis, cystoscopy, and imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRIs. Biopsy results further confirm the presence and type of cancer. Treatment options are tailored based on the cancer's stage and grade, and may include surgery (such as TURBT, partial, or radical cystectomy), chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Effective management also involves regular follow-up care and supportive measures to address symptoms and improve quality of life. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic steps and treatment strategies essential for managing bladder cancer.