天美传媒

Abstract

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) is a life-threatening medical emergency characterized by severe hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality, and dehydration, primarily affecting patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite its lower incidence compared to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), HHS carries a higher mortality rate due to delayed diagnosis and management challenges. This abstract reviews the current management strategies for HHS, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and prompt intervention. The cornerstone of HHS management involves aggressive fluid resuscitation with isotonic saline to correct dehydration and improve hemodynamic stability. Additionally, insulin therapy is crucial for lowering blood glucose levels gradually, as rapid reductions may lead to cerebral edema. Close monitoring of electrolytes, particularly potassium and phosphate, is essential to prevent complications such as cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory failure. Addressing underlying precipitating factors, such as infections and medication non-adherence, is paramount in achieving successful outcomes. While HHS management guidelines exist, individualized patient care remains crucial, considering comorbidities, age, and clinical presentation. Furthermore, ongoing research is needed to refine treatment algorithms and improve patient outcomes in this challenging condition.