天美传媒

Abstract

The study of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) is crucial for understanding the safety and efficacy of therapeutic agents. In the field of toxicology, these principles play a vital role in bridging the gap between drug safety and efficacy. Pharmacokinetics focuses on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of substances, while pharmacodynamics examines the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action. This article explores the integration of PK and PD principles in toxicology, emphasizing their importance in assessing drug safety, predicting adverse effects, and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. The interplay between PK and PD is illustrated through case studies of commonly used drugs and toxic substances. By understanding these principles, researchers and clinicians can better anticipate toxicological risks and improve the development of safer and more effective therapeutic agents.