天美传媒

Abstract

Previous research has suggested that parental mental health disorders (MHD) may be a key factor in the intergenerational transmission of out-of-home care (OHC) [1]. The current study sought to learn more about this interaction by looking into the relationships between OHC and MHD within and between generations. On 9033 cohort members (Generation 1; G1) and their 15,305 sons and daughters, we used prospective data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study (SBC Multigen) (Generation 2; G2). We studied the intergenerational transmission of OHC and MHD, as well as the connection between OHC and MHD within each generation, using odds ratios from generalised structural equation modelling. Second, we looked at the relationships between OHC and MHD in both generations. We wanted to see whether there were any sex disparities, so we did some research.

This paper investigates the unexpected impact that enforcing birth control policies in China has upon the educational stratification between the Han majority, the policy target group, and ethnic minorities, a partially excluded group. Exploring county-level variation in the value of fines levied for unsanctioned births, we find that a stricter enforcement of the birth control policy leads to a larger educational gap between ethnic minorities and the Han majority in both rural and urban areas. More specifically, we find that higher fines lead to a larger improvement in the educational attainment of the Han majority and that this is principally due to the greater effect of these fines upon the reduction of family size and the subsequent concentration of family resources (among this population). Our findings indicate that the birth control policy has substantially contributed to the rising Han-minority.