Review Article
Effects of Organophosphate Herbicides on Biological Organisms in Soil Medium-A Mini Review
Suleiman Usman1*, Abbakar Musa Kundiri2 and Maximillien Nzamouhe11Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
2Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
- *Corresponding Author:
- Suleiman Usman
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture
Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Tel: +2347034233241
E-mail: labboallugu@yahoo.com
Received date: April 3, 2017; Accepted date: May 23, 2017; Published date: May 26, 2017
Citation: Usman S, Kundiri A, Nzamouhe M (2017) Effects of Organophosphate Herbicides on Biological Organisms in Soil Medium-A Mini Review. J Ecol Toxicol 1:102.
Copyright: © 2017 Usman S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Herbicides are toxic agrochemicals, which have being used to fight against the existence of weeds in the agricultural farms and gardens. To some extent, these herbicides are rampantly used by farmers without considering the long or short term effects in soil medium. The aim of this paper was to provide a synopsis review of the effects of some organophosphate herbicides to soil biological community. It is evident that most of these herbicides may cause the reduction of sensitive populations of certain groups of biota in soil medium. This paper reported that the effect of organophosphate herbicides on soil biota is considerable. For example, Paraquat and round-up treated soils has been noted to cause decrease in heterotrophic aerobic bacterial count (HAB) and fungal population. It is believe that in cases where these herbicides are used to treat soils, they are considered harmful to nematode, earthworms and other biological organisms. They suppress the biodiversity of soil microbes, hinder the decomposition of soil organic matter and altered plant biomass. They also obstruct the biological activities of soil biota, photosynthetic, biosynthetic reaction, cell growth/divisions and molecular composition of soil biota. Understanding these effects is vital for variety of agricultural purposes including ensuring healthy soil and crop yield conditions, water sanitation, environmental quality and human health developments.
