Review Article
From Nose to Brain: The Promise of Peptide Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases
Rita PY Chen1,2*1Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
2Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Corresponding Author:
- Rita PY Chen
Institute of Biological Chemistry
Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Tel: +886227855696
E-mail: pyc@gate.sinica.edu.tw
Received date: March 04, 2017; Accepted date: March 16, 2017; Published date: March 23, 2017
Citation: Chen RPY (2017) From Nose to Brain: The Promise of Peptide Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism 7:314. doi:10.4172/2161-0460.1000314
Copyright: © 2017 Chen RPY . This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
The pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the deposition of extracellular senile plaques resulting from amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation, the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and extensive neuron death. Although 110 years have passed since the discovery of AD, the field still debates whether the amyloid hypothesis or tau hypothesis is the key issue in AD therapy. The issue of population aging makes the prevention or therapy of AD a pressing issue since the onset of this disease is highly age-correlated. Over the past two decades, the number of AD-related publications per year has grown rapidly, but to no avail. The failure rate of anti-AD clinical trials is ~99.9% and only cholinergic drugs for symptomatic control are available in the market. The success of the phase 1b clinical trial of Aducanumab immunotherapy in 2014 rekindled interest in anti-amyloid therapy, whereas the failure of the phase 3 clinical trial of Solanezumab immunotherapy once again quashed the optimism. Recently, a peptide therapy for AD was developed. A polyethylenimine (PEI) conjugated peptide, V24P(10-40)- PEI, was proposed to serve as a scavenger by trapping endogenous Aβ produced in the brain to avoid the formation of toxic aggregates. Most importantly, this peptide was given as a nose drop. After treating the AD double transgenic mice APP/PS1 with V24P(10-40)-PEI for four months, there was a significant reduction in Aβ accumulation in the brains of the treated mice. V24P(10-40)-PEI was designed to trap Aβ to interfere with its self-association, which renders Aβ more vulnerable to the attack of various endogenous Aβ-degrading enzymes.
